Business cover

Key person insurance

Key person insurance pays a lump sum to the business if a critical owner or employee dies or can no longer work, so the business has the cash to absorb lost revenue, repay debt, or fund a replacement.

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A person-shaped hole in the balance sheet.

Lose the person who drives the revenue, holds the lending, or carries the relationships, and the gap lands on the business. Key person cover funds it.

Also called key man insurance

It pays the business, not the family

Key person insurance, often called key man insurance, is a life insurance policy owned by and paid to a business to offset the financial impact of losing someone critical to its success. If that person dies or becomes permanently disabled, the policy pays the business a lump sum it can use to cover lost revenue, repay debt, fund recruitment and training of a replacement, or reassure lenders while it recovers. It is distinct from [buy/sell insurance](https://safetynest.com.au/buy-sell-insurance/), which funds the transfer of an owner's share between owners. Key person insurance protects the business itself, not the owners' families.

Who to insure

Who is a key person

A key person is anyone whose loss would materially hurt the business. Often it is an owner, but it can equally be the employee the business runs on. The test is simple: ask what would happen to revenue, key relationships, or funding if that person were gone tomorrow. If the answer is serious disruption, they are worth insuring, and each one is usually covered by a separate policy.

What it responds to

The cover types behind it

  • DeathThe key person dies.
  • Total & permanent disabilityThey can no longer work.
  • Trauma / critical illnessOn diagnosis of a defined condition, in some arrangements.
  • Temporary incapacityReplaces a lost contribution for a period, in a less common form.

How it works

How key person cover protects the business

01

Identify the key person

The owner or employee whose loss would seriously hurt revenue, funding, or operations.

02

Size the cover

For a revenue purpose, a capital purpose, or both, based on the loss the business would carry.

03

The business owns it

The business owns the policy and pays the premiums; the person is the insured life.

04

A trigger event

The key person dies, or can no longer work due to disability or serious illness.

05

Lump sum to the business

Used to replace lost revenue, repay debt, or recruit and train a replacement.

The decision that shapes everything

Is the cover for a revenue purpose, or a capital purpose?

This single question shapes how the cover is sized, how the proceeds are likely to be treated, and how premiums are likely to be treated for tax. Getting the stated purpose right at application matters, because it is difficult to recharacterise later.

The key decision

Revenue purpose vs capital purpose

This is the single most important choice in key person cover. It shapes how the sum insured is sized, and how premiums and proceeds are likely to be treated for tax.

Revenue protection

Replacing lost income or profit

What it replaces
Lost income or profit while the business recovers
Typical purpose
Bridging the revenue gap, funding a temporary replacement, steadying cash flow
How it is usually sized
A multiple of the key person’s contribution to gross profit or revenue
General tax treatment
Premiums may be deductible; proceeds generally treated as assessable income

Capital protection

Covering a capital loss

What it replaces
A capital loss, such as repaying debt or replacing a loan guarantee
Typical purpose
Clearing business debt, protecting the balance sheet, funding a permanent loss of value
How it is usually sized
The specific debt or capital amount the business needs to cover
General tax treatment
Premiums generally not deductible; proceeds generally not assessable

Sizing the cover

How cover is sized

There is no single formula. The amount is led by the financial loss the business would actually suffer, and it must be substantiated to the insurer at application rather than re-justified at claim time. Because the sum insured is financially underwritten upfront, the business generally receives the agreed lump sum on a valid claim without proving the loss again.

Three methods

Ways to size the cover

  • Revenue or profit methodA multiple of the key person’s contribution to gross profit or revenue.
  • Replacement cost methodThe cost to recruit, hire and train a replacement, plus lost productivity.
  • Debt or capital methodThe business debt or guaranteed lending their loss would expose.

Tax treatment

The tax outcome follows the purpose

Whether premiums are deductible and whether proceeds are taxed depends on whether the cover is held for a revenue or a capital purpose. This is general information only, not tax advice.

Revenue purposePremiumsMay be deductibleProceedsGenerally assessable income
Capital purposePremiumsGenerally not deductibleProceedsGenerally not assessable
ATO ruling IT 155the classic reference for deductibility of revenue-purpose premiums. Confirm your situation with your accountant.

What to watch

Risks and considerations

Most key person shortfalls trace back to a few avoidable mistakes: an unclear purpose that breaks the expected tax outcome, a sum insured left unreviewed as the business grows, or a lapsed policy where nobody owned the premiums. Key person cover protects the business, not the family, so an owner who also needs personal cover holds that separately.

Our rule of thumb

Review key person cover at least once a year, and whenever the business, the person’s role, or the lending materially changes. Most shortfalls come from cover that was set and never revisited.

The person walks out the door and the revenue goes with them. Key person cover keeps the cash in the business.

In a client’s words

What working with us is like

Before switching to Safety Nest, we rarely heard from our previous adviser and didn’t realise how much I was overpaying. The team at Safety Nest took the time to thoroughly review our situation, and I found out we could save thousands of dollars a year. Their personalised approach and regular check-ins gave us peace of mind, knowing our family’s future is now secure and well-managed. (Individual results vary; not a typical or expected outcome.)

Shuie Gestetner
Director, Charidy Australia

FAQs

Frequently asked questions

What is key person insurance?

Key person insurance is a policy owned by and paid to a business to offset the financial loss of someone critical to it, such as an owner or a key employee, if that person dies or can no longer work. The proceeds help the business cover lost revenue, repay debt, or fund a replacement. It is general information only, and how it should be set up depends on your business, so it is worth reviewing with an adviser.

Is key person insurance the same as key man insurance?

Yes. "Key man insurance" is the older term and "key person insurance" is the gender-neutral version now preferred by most publishers. They describe the same cover. Both terms are still widely searched in Australia.

How much does key person insurance cost?

There is no single price. The premium depends on the sum insured, the key person's age and health, the cover types included, such as life, TPD, or trauma, and whether premiums are stepped or level. Age in particular can create a large gap between two otherwise similar policies. Because cost is specific to each person and business, a meaningful figure requires an individual quote, which an adviser can prepare for your situation.

Is key person insurance tax deductible?

It depends on the purpose of the cover. For revenue-purpose cover, premiums may be deductible while proceeds are generally treated as income. For capital-purpose cover, premiums are generally not deductible while proceeds are generally not assessable. The ATO ruling IT 155 is the classic reference for revenue-purpose deductibility. This is general information only, not tax advice, so confirm the treatment for your situation with your accountant.

How much key person cover does a business need?

The amount is led by the financial loss the business would suffer if the key person were lost. Common methods are a multiple of their contribution to profit or revenue, the cost to recruit and train a replacement, or the business debt their loss would expose. The cover amount must be substantiated to the insurer at application. The right figure depends on your business, so it is worth working through with an adviser.

What is the difference between key person and buy/sell insurance?

Key person insurance is owned by and paid to the business to offset the loss of a critical person. Buy/sell insurance funds the transfer of an owner's share between the owners and the departing owner's family when an owner dies or is permanently disabled. One protects the business as a going concern; the other funds a clean change of ownership. Many businesses with co-owners hold both.

Protect the business against the loss of a key person

Put a value on the person, before you have to

A no-obligation chat with a specialist who sizes the cover to the loss your business would carry, sets the revenue or capital purpose deliberately, and works alongside your accountant and solicitor. No separate advice fee for our advice.